field and laboratory studies
Rydh Stenström, Jenny
(2013).
Mixture toxicity of pesticides and biological effects in agricultural streams.
Uppsala :
Sveriges lantbruksuniv.
ISBN 978-91-576-9167-5
eISBN 978-91-576-9168-2
[Licentiate thesis]
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Abstract
The main objective of this thesis was to examine pesticide mixture toxicity and its effects on aquatic biota in agricultural streams. This was accomplished by (1) calculating the ΣTUs for algae and Daphnia magna and a pesticide toxicity index (PTI) based on water quality standards (WQS) for long-term monitoring data (2002-2010), (2) by performing algal inhibition tests with Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata, using both collected in situ water samples and reconstituted water spiked with field-observed pesticide mixtures, and (3) by studying seasonal changes in macroinvertebrate and diatom communities during 2008 in four agricultural streams and determine a set of community-based metrics such as species richness, diversity, ASPT, SPEAR and IPS. Partial Least Squares (PLS) regression was used to analyse community changes.
Long-term data showed that collected stream water samples had peaks of estimated pesticide toxicity, mainly due to herbicides though insecticides and fungicides also contributed. ∑TUalgae, based on weekly average concentrations, exceeded 0.1 on 28 out of 902 occasions, and 8 of these were higher than 0.2. Only one or a few pesticides contributed to a major part of estimated mixture toxicity in the streams.
The algal growth inhibition studies in spiked water showed negative effects at pesticide concentrations corresponding to those found in stream water samples, indicating that pesticide effects on algae occur under in situ conditions. The field study also showed effects of pesticides, suggesting diatom diversity as a sensitive indicator of pesticide effects. Macroinvertebrate community changes were primarily explained by physiochemical conditions, though some non-insect invertebrates decreased (Asellus aquaticus) or increased (Oligochaeta) with pesticide exposure. Somewhat surprisingly, the SPEARpesticides index, specifically developed to detect pesticide effects of macro-invertebrate communities in streams, was not related to pesticide toxicity. The SPEAR index may need to be modified to better fit to Swedish conditions.
A combination of chemical and biological monitoring is needed to increase our understanding of the relationship between pesticide stress and the biological diversity of agricultural streams. Specific endpoints and analysis methods are also needed to separate effects of pesticides from effects of other stressors.
Authors/Creators: | Rydh Stenström, Jenny | ||||||
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Title: | Mixture toxicity of pesticides and biological effects in agricultural streams | ||||||
Subtitle: | field and laboratory studies | ||||||
Year of publishing : | 2013 | ||||||
Number of Pages: | 43 | ||||||
Papers/manuscripts: |
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Place of Publication: | Uppsala | ||||||
Publisher: | Institutionen för vatten och miljö, Sveriges lantbruksuniversitet | ||||||
ISBN for printed version: | 978-91-576-9167-5 | ||||||
ISBN for electronic version: | 978-91-576-9168-2 | ||||||
Language: | English | ||||||
Publication Type: | Licentiate thesis | ||||||
Full Text Status: | Public | ||||||
Agris subject categories.: | M Aquatic sciences and fisheries > M40 Aquatic ecology T Pollution > T01 Pollution | ||||||
Subjects: | (A) Swedish standard research categories 2011 > 1 Natural sciences > 104 Chemical Sciences > Other Chemistry Topics (A) Swedish standard research categories 2011 > 1 Natural sciences > 105 Earth and Related Environmental Sciences > Environmental Sciences (social aspects to be 507) (A) Swedish standard research categories 2011 > 1 Natural sciences > 106 Biological Sciences (Medical to be 3 and Agricultural to be 4) > Ecology (A) Swedish standard research categories 2011 > 1 Natural sciences > 106 Biological Sciences (Medical to be 3 and Agricultural to be 4) > Other Biological Topics | ||||||
Agrovoc terms: | pesticides, pollutants, rivers, toxicity, aquatic environment, biota, aquatic communities, invertebrates, algae, daphnia magna, biodiversity, monitoring | ||||||
Keywords: | Pesticides, Macroinvertebrates, Algae, Diatoms, Toxicity tests, Monitoring, Bioassessment, Biodiversity, Mixture effects | ||||||
URN:NBN: | urn:nbn:se:slu:epsilon-e-1645 | ||||||
Permanent URL: | http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:slu:epsilon-e-1645 | ||||||
ID Code: | 10820 | ||||||
Department: | (NL, NJ) > Dept. of Aquatic Sciences and Assessment | ||||||
External funders: | FORMAS | ||||||
Deposited By: | Jenny Rydh Stenström | ||||||
Deposited On: | 26 Sep 2013 06:55 | ||||||
Metadata Last Modified: | 27 Feb 2015 10:30 |
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