emphasis on prostate cancer and type 2 diabetes and their risk factors
Eriksen, Anne Kirstine
(2019).
The role of whole grains and lignans in lifestyle diseases.
Diss. (sammanfattning/summary)
Uppsala :
Sveriges lantbruksuniv.,
Acta Universitatis Agriculturae Sueciae, 1652-6880
; 2019:25
ISBN 978-91-7760-368-9
eISBN 978-91-7760-369-6
[Doctoral thesis]
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Abstract
Whole grains are rich in dietary fibre and bioactive compounds and have consistently been associated to improved health and lower mortality. Whole-grain rye is rich in fermentable fibre and lignans, that are converted to enterodiol and enterolactone by the gut microbiota. Enterolactone has been studied widely for several suggested beneficial health properties. In this thesis, the role of whole grains and lignans in cardio-metabolic health and mortality from type 2 diabetes and prostate cancer was studied.
Whole-grain rye and lignans did not affect glucose response assessed by an oral glucose tolerance test in men with metabolic syndrome after 8 wk intervention. Whole-grain rye improved lipid profile by lowering LDL-cholesterol compared to whole-grain wheat, whereas high-dose lignan supplementation had no effect on any of the investigated cardio-metabolic outcomes. Baseline microbiota enterotype appeared to explain some of the difference in response to treatments. Lipid profile was improved in the Prevotella enterotype by whole-grain rye diet and in the Bacteroides enterotype by whole-grain wheat diet. Lifestyle intervention with high intake of whole-grain rye and physical activity was feasible to implement in a group of men with non-aggressive prostate cancer. However, a full-scale trial is needed to investigate the potential of whole-grain rye in prostate cancer progression. Lastly, plasma enterolactone was investigated in two observational studies based on data from the population-based Diet, Cancer and Health cohort. Enterolactone concentrations were inversely associated with mortality among persons with type 2 diabetes, whereas no association with mortality was observed in men with prostate cancer.
Overall, the findings from the this thesis highlights that whole-grain rye has beneficial health properties related to lipid profile, that long-term dietary interventions with high intake of whole-grains are feasible among middle-aged men with metabolic syndrome or prostate cancer, and that plasma enterolactone is associated with lower mortality among persons with type 2 diabetes. Furthermore, the finding of no association between enterolactone and prostate cancer mortality contributes to the existing evidence from observational studies that does not support the findings of a protective role from cell, animal and a few human interventions.
Authors/Creators: | Eriksen, Anne Kirstine | ||||||||||
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Title: | The role of whole grains and lignans in lifestyle diseases | ||||||||||
Subtitle: | emphasis on prostate cancer and type 2 diabetes and their risk factors | ||||||||||
Series/Journal: | Acta Universitatis Agriculturae Sueciae (1652-6880) | ||||||||||
Year of publishing : | 2019 | ||||||||||
Number: | 2019:25 | ||||||||||
Number of Pages: | 88 | ||||||||||
Papers/manuscripts: |
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Place of Publication: | Uppsala | ||||||||||
Publisher: | Department of Molecular Sciences, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences | ||||||||||
ISBN for printed version: | 978-91-7760-368-9 | ||||||||||
ISBN for electronic version: | 978-91-7760-369-6 | ||||||||||
ISSN: | 1652-6880 | ||||||||||
Language: | English | ||||||||||
Publication Type: | Doctoral thesis | ||||||||||
Article category: | Other scientific | ||||||||||
Full Text Status: | Public | ||||||||||
Agris subject categories.: | Q Food science > Q04 Food composition S Human nutrition > S01 Human nutrition - General aspects X Agricola extesions > X38 Human medicine, health, and safety | ||||||||||
Subjects: | (A) Swedish standard research categories 2011 > 3 Medical and Health Sciences > 303 Health Sciences > Public Health, Global Health, Social Medicine and Epidemiology (A) Swedish standard research categories 2011 > 3 Medical and Health Sciences > 303 Health Sciences > Nutrition and Dietetics | ||||||||||
Keywords: | whole-grain rye, lignans, enterolactone, metabolic syndrome, human intervention, type 2 diabetes, prostate cancer, cohort study, prognosis | ||||||||||
URN:NBN: | urn:nbn:se:slu:epsilon-p-99552 | ||||||||||
Permanent URL: | http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:slu:epsilon-p-99552 | ||||||||||
ID Code: | 16071 | ||||||||||
Faculty: | NJ - Fakulteten för naturresurser och jordbruksvetenskap | ||||||||||
Department: | (NL, NJ) > Department of Molecular Sciences | ||||||||||
Deposited By: | SLUpub Connector | ||||||||||
Deposited On: | 15 Apr 2019 13:20 | ||||||||||
Metadata Last Modified: | 26 Apr 2019 06:06 |
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