Engelhardt, Josefin and Frisell, Oscar and Gustavsson, Hanna and Hansson, Tomas and Sjöberg, Rajlie and Collier, Tracy K. and Balk, Lennart
(2020).
Severe thiamine deficiency in eastern Baltic cod (Gadus morhua).
PLoS ONE. 15
, e0227201
, 1-23
[Research article]
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Abstract
The eastern Baltic cod (Gadus morhua) population has been decreasing in the Baltic Sea for at least 30 years. Condition indices of the Baltic cod have decreased, and previous studies have suggested that this might be due to overfishing, predation, lower dissolved oxygen or changes in salinity. However, numerous studies from the Baltic Sea have demonstrated an ongoing thiamine deficiency in several animal classes, both invertebrates and vertebrates. The thiamine status of the eastern Baltic cod was investigated to determine if thiamine deficiency might be a factor in ongoing population declines. Thiamine concentrations were determined by chemical analyses of thiamine, thiamine monophosphate and thiamine diphosphate (combined SumT) in the liver using high performance liquid chromatography. Biochemical analyses measured the activity of the thiamine diphosphate-dependent enzyme transketolase to determine the proportion of apoenzymes in both liver and brain tissue. These biochemical analyses showed that 77% of the cod were thiamine deficient in the liver, of which 13% had a severe thiamine deficiency (i.e. 25% transketolase enzymes lacked thiamine diphosphate). The brain tissue of 77% of the cod showed thiamine deficiency, of which 64% showed severe thiamine deficiency. The thiamine deficiency biomarkers were investigated to find correlations to different biological parameters, such as length, weight, otolith weight, age (annuli counting) and different organ weights. The results suggested that thiamine deficiency increased with age. The SumT concentration ranged between 2.4-24 nmol/g in the liver, where the specimens with heavier otoliths had lower values of SumT (P = 0.0031). Of the cod sampled, only 2% of the specimens had a Fulton's condition factor indicating a healthy specimen, and 49% had a condition factor below 0.8, indicating poor health status. These results, showing a severe thiamine deficiency in eastern Baltic cod from the only known area where spawning presently occurs for this species, are of grave concern.
Authors/Creators: | Engelhardt, Josefin and Frisell, Oscar and Gustavsson, Hanna and Hansson, Tomas and Sjöberg, Rajlie and Collier, Tracy K. and Balk, Lennart | ||||||
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Title: | Severe thiamine deficiency in eastern Baltic cod (Gadus morhua) | ||||||
Series Name/Journal: | PLoS ONE | ||||||
Year of publishing : | 2020 | ||||||
Volume: | 15 | ||||||
Article number: | e0227201 | ||||||
Number of Pages: | 23 | ||||||
Publisher: | PLoS | ||||||
ISSN: | 1932-6203 | ||||||
Language: | English | ||||||
Publication Type: | Research article | ||||||
Article category: | Scientific peer reviewed | ||||||
Version: | Published version | ||||||
Copyright: | Creative Commons: Attribution 4.0 | ||||||
Full Text Status: | Public | ||||||
Subjects: | (A) Swedish standard research categories 2011 > 4 Agricultural Sciences > 401 Agricultural, Forestry and Fisheries > Fish and Aquacultural Science | ||||||
Keywords: | eastern Baltic cod (Gadus morhua), thiamine deficiency, Baltic Sea | ||||||
URN:NBN: | urn:nbn:se:slu:epsilon-p-106438 | ||||||
Permanent URL: | http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:slu:epsilon-p-106438 | ||||||
Additional ID: |
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ID Code: | 17176 | ||||||
Faculty: | NJ - Fakulteten för naturresurser och jordbruksvetenskap | ||||||
Department: | (NL, NJ) > Department of Aquatic Resources | ||||||
Deposited By: | SLUpub Connector | ||||||
Deposited On: | 07 Jul 2020 08:45 | ||||||
Metadata Last Modified: | 18 Aug 2020 22:36 |
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