Taab, Alireza
(2009).
Seed dormancy and germination in Solanum nigrum and S. physalifolium as influenced by temperature conditions.
Diss. (sammanfattning/summary)
Uppsala :
Sveriges lantbruksuniv.,
Acta Universitatis agriculturae Sueciae, 1652-6880
; 2009:49
ISBN 978-91-86195-96-0
[Doctoral thesis]
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Abstract
Solanum nigrum L. (black nightshade) and Solanum physalifolium Rusby (hairy nightshade) are two important weeds in many crops. They reduce crop quantity by competition and crop quality by contaminating harvested products. The timing of different control measures is a key factor in integrated weed management, which must be related with emergence of the weeds. Since emergence timing of the species is controlled by seed dormancy and temperature conditions, the effect of temperature on dormancy and germination has to be well understood. Experiments were conducted to study seed dormancy, the temperature effect on dormancy, dormancy cycle, germination characteristics, and emergence of the species. In addition, a simulation model was developed to study the effect of temperature on the dynamics of dormancy release and induction under different temperature conditions. I found differences in primary dormancy among populations of S. nigrum collected on two dates and in different locations. Fresh seeds of S. nigrum were conditionally dormant and germinated at higher alternating temperatures and in light, while seeds of S. physalifolum were deeply dormant. Seed dormancy is reduced during autumn, winter and early spring in seeds buried in the soil. The rate of dormancy release and induction is low at lower temperatures and increases as the temperature rises. High temperatures cause short-lasting breakage of dormancy followed by induction. Short-lasting dormancy induction in spring is likely to delay emergence of the species. Seedling emergence of both species showed a bi- or three-modal pattern during an extended period in late spring and early summer. This enables the species to survive natural catastrophes or escape weed control operations. This information can be used to maximize the efficacy of weed management strategies by timing weed control tactics to coincide with seedling flushes. Dormancy is mainly induced during summer due to higher temperatures. This prevents seedlings from emerging too late and being killed by frost in autumn before reproduction.
Authors/Creators: | Taab, Alireza | ||||
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Title: | Seed dormancy and germination in Solanum nigrum and S. physalifolium as influenced by temperature conditions | ||||
Year of publishing : | 2009 | ||||
Volume: | 2009:49 | ||||
Number of Pages: | 48 | ||||
Papers/manuscripts: |
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Place of Publication: | Uppsala | ||||
ISBN for printed version: | 978-91-86195-96-0 | ||||
ISSN: | 1652-6880 | ||||
Language: | English | ||||
Publication Type: | Doctoral thesis | ||||
Full Text Status: | Public | ||||
Agris subject categories.: | H Protection of plants and stored products > H60 Weeds and weed control F Plant production > F01 Crop husbandry | ||||
Subjects: | Not in use, please see Agris categories | ||||
Agrovoc terms: | solanum nigrum, weeds, dormancy, seeds, seedlings, emergence, viability, germination, temperature, models | ||||
Keywords: | black nightshade, hairy nightshade, dormancy, emergence, germination, modelling, seed, seedling, weed | ||||
URN:NBN: | urn:nbn:se:slu:epsilon-2944 | ||||
Permanent URL: | http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:slu:epsilon-2944 | ||||
ID Code: | 2064 | ||||
Department: | (NL, NJ) > Dept. of Crop Production Ecology | ||||
Deposited By: | Alireza Taab | ||||
Deposited On: | 17 Aug 2009 00:00 | ||||
Metadata Last Modified: | 02 Dec 2014 10:15 |
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