Lagnelöv, Oscar and Dhillon, Shweta and Larsson, Gunnar and Nilsson, Daniel and Larsolle, Anders and Hansson, Per-Anders
(2021).
Cost analysis of autonomous battery electric field tractors in agriculture.
Biosystems Engineering. 204
, 358-376
[Research article]
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Abstract
Interest in the electrification of agricultural vehicles is increasing along with growing interest in autonomous vehicles. Individual technologies have been well-explored, but not their combined use and the effects on agricultural fieldwork. In this study, cost analysis was conducted based on a simulated vehicle system with 50 kW self-driving battery electric drive (BED) tractors. The analysis included battery degradation due to cycling and the cost of inadequate machine capacity, as these factors are suspected to be problems for electric tractors. A dynamic discrete-event vehicle system model, a linear timeliness model and a one-dimensional battery cell ageing model were assumed. Costs obtained were compared with those of contemporary manned diesel-based systems. BED systems had equal or lower annual costs compared to conventional manned diesel-based systems; this was due to lower costs for fuel and maintenance, while providing adequate capacity and lower energy usage. Sensitivity analysis showed that operating costs were of greater significance than investment costs. The generally more expensive investment costs of BED systems were outweighed by the reduced operating costs for several different BED system systems. Battery degradation costs and timeliness were influential, but not sufficient to make the system uncompetitive. The synergistic effect of vehicular autonomy and BED outweighed several of the drawbacks of BED systems, such as frequent recharging, increased transport and reduced consecutive work time. ? 2021 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd on behalf of IAgrE. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/
Authors/Creators: | Lagnelöv, Oscar and Dhillon, Shweta and Larsson, Gunnar and Nilsson, Daniel and Larsolle, Anders and Hansson, Per-Anders | ||||||
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Title: | Cost analysis of autonomous battery electric field tractors in agriculture | ||||||
Series Name/Journal: | Biosystems Engineering | ||||||
Year of publishing : | 2021 | ||||||
Volume: | 204 | ||||||
Page range: | 358-376 | ||||||
Number of Pages: | 19 | ||||||
Publisher: | ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE | ||||||
ISSN: | 1537-5110 | ||||||
Language: | English | ||||||
Publication Type: | Research article | ||||||
Article category: | Scientific peer reviewed | ||||||
Version: | Published version | ||||||
Copyright: | Creative Commons: Attribution-Noncommercial-No Derivative Works 4.0 | ||||||
Full Text Status: | Public | ||||||
Subjects: | (A) Swedish standard research categories 2011 > 4 Agricultural Sciences > 401 Agricultural, Forestry and Fisheries > Agricultural Science | ||||||
Keywords: | Agriculture, BEV, Economy, Autonomy, Timeliness, Battery ageing | ||||||
URN:NBN: | urn:nbn:se:slu:epsilon-p-111568 | ||||||
Permanent URL: | http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:slu:epsilon-p-111568 | ||||||
Additional ID: |
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ID Code: | 23325 | ||||||
Faculty: | NJ - Fakulteten för naturresurser och jordbruksvetenskap | ||||||
Department: | (NL, NJ) > Dept. of Energy and Technology | ||||||
Deposited By: | SLUpub Connector | ||||||
Deposited On: | 22 Apr 2021 12:03 | ||||||
Metadata Last Modified: | 22 Apr 2021 12:11 |
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