Gros Calvo, Meritxell and Ahrens, Lutz and Leven, Lotta and Koch, Alina and Dalahmeh, Sahar and Ljung, Emelie and Lundin, Göran and Jönsson, Håkan and Eveborn, David and Wiberg, Karin
(2020).
Pharmaceuticals in source separated sanitation systems: Fecal sludge and blackwater treatment.
Science of the Total Environment. 703
, 135530
[Research article]
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Abstract
This study investigated, for the first time, the occurrence and fate of 29 multiple-class pharmaceuticals (PhACs) in two source separated sanitation systems based on: (i) batch experiments for the anaerobic digestion (AD) of fecal sludge under mesophilic (37 `C) and thermophilic (52 "C) conditions, and (ii) a full-scale blackwater treatment plant using wet composting and sanitation with urea addition. Results revealed high concentrations of PhACs in raw fecal sludge and blackwater samples, with concentrations up to hundreds of pg L-1 and fig kg-1 dry weight (dw) in liquid and solid fractions, respectively. For mesophilic and thermophilic treatments in the batch experiments, average PhACs removal rates of 31% and 45%, respectively, were observed. The average removal efficiency was slightly better for the full-scale blackwater treatment, with 49% average removal, and few compounds, such as atenolol, valsartan and hydrochlorothiazide, showed almost complete degradation. In the AD treatments, no significant differences were observed between mesophilic and thermophilic conditions. For the full-scale blackwater treatment, the aerobic wet composting step proved to be the most efficient in PhACs reduction, while urea addition had an almost negligible effect for most PhACs, except for citalopram, venlafaxine, oxazepam, valsartan and atorvastatin, for which minor reductions (on average 25%) were observed. Even though both treatment systems reduced initial PhACs loads considerably, significant PhAC concentrations remained in the treated effluents, indicating that fecal sludge and blackwater fertilizations could be a relevant vector for dissemination of PhACs into agricultural fields and thus the environment. (C) 2019 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
Authors/Creators: | Gros Calvo, Meritxell and Ahrens, Lutz and Leven, Lotta and Koch, Alina and Dalahmeh, Sahar and Ljung, Emelie and Lundin, Göran and Jönsson, Håkan and Eveborn, David and Wiberg, Karin | ||||||
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Title: | Pharmaceuticals in source separated sanitation systems: Fecal sludge and blackwater treatment | ||||||
Series Name/Journal: | Science of the Total Environment | ||||||
Year of publishing : | 2020 | ||||||
Volume: | 703 | ||||||
Article number: | 135530 | ||||||
Number of Pages: | 10 | ||||||
ISSN: | 0048-9697 | ||||||
Language: | English | ||||||
Publication Type: | Research article | ||||||
Article category: | Scientific peer reviewed | ||||||
Version: | Accepted version | ||||||
Copyright: | Creative Commons: Attribution-Noncommercial-No Derivative Works 4.0 | ||||||
Full Text Status: | Public | ||||||
Subjects: | (A) Swedish standard research categories 2011 > 2 Engineering and Technology > 208 Environmental Biotechnology > Water Treatment | ||||||
Keywords: | Source separation, Sanitation systems, Fecal sludge, Blacicvvater Pharmaceuticals | ||||||
URN:NBN: | urn:nbn:se:slu:epsilon-p-102990 | ||||||
Permanent URL: | http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:slu:epsilon-p-102990 | ||||||
Additional ID: |
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ID Code: | 23702 | ||||||
Faculty: | NJ - Fakulteten för naturresurser och jordbruksvetenskap | ||||||
Department: | (NL, NJ) > Dept. of Aquatic Sciences and Assessment (NL, NJ) > Dept. of Energy and Technology | ||||||
Deposited By: | SLUpub Connector | ||||||
Deposited On: | 18 May 2021 08:03 | ||||||
Metadata Last Modified: | 16 Nov 2021 00:15 |
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