Reckermann, Marcus and Omstedt, Anders and Soomere, Tarmo and Aigars, Juris and Akhtar, Naveed and Beldowska, Magdalena and Beldowski, Jacek and Cronin, Tom and Czub, Michal and Eero, Margit and Hyytiainen, Kari Petri and Jalkanen, Jukka-Pekka and Kiessling, Anders and Kjellstrom, Erik and Kulinski, Karol and Xiaoli Guo, Larsen and McCrackin, Michelle and Meier, H. E. Markus and Oberbeckmann, Sonja and Parnell, Kevin and de Brauwer, Cristian Pons-Seres and Poska, Anneli and Saarinen, Jarkko and Szymczycha, Beata and Undeman, Emma and Worman, Anders and Zorita, Eduardo
(2022).
Human impacts and their interactions in the Baltic Sea region.
. 13
:1
, 1-80
[Article Review/Survey]
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PDF
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Abstract
Coastal environments, in particular heavily populated semi-enclosed marginal seas and coasts like the Baltic Sea region, are strongly affected by human activities. A multitude of human impacts, including climate change, affect the different compartments of the environment, and these effects interact with each other. As part of the Baltic Earth Assessment Reports (BEAR), we present an inventory and discussion of different human-induced factors and processes affecting the environment of the Baltic Sea region, and their interrelations. Some are naturally occurring and modified by human activities (i.e. climate change, coastal processes, hypoxia, acidification, submarine groundwater discharges, marine ecosystems, non-indigenous species, land use and land cover), some are completely human-induced (i.e. agriculture, aquaculture, fisheries, river regulations, offshore wind farms, shipping, chemical contamination, dumped warfare agents, marine litter and microplastics, tourism, and coastal management), and they are all interrelated to different degrees. We present a general description and analysis of the state of knowledge on these interrelations. Our main insight is that climate change has an overarching, integrating impact on all of the other factors and can be interpreted as a background effect, which has different implications for the other factors. Impacts on the environment and the human sphere can be roughly allocated to anthropogenic drivers such as food production, energy production, transport, industry and economy. The findings from this inventory of available information and analysis of the different factors and their interactions in the Baltic Sea region can largely be transferred to other comparable marginal and coastal seas in the world.
Authors/Creators: | Reckermann, Marcus and Omstedt, Anders and Soomere, Tarmo and Aigars, Juris and Akhtar, Naveed and Beldowska, Magdalena and Beldowski, Jacek and Cronin, Tom and Czub, Michal and Eero, Margit and Hyytiainen, Kari Petri and Jalkanen, Jukka-Pekka and Kiessling, Anders and Kjellstrom, Erik and Kulinski, Karol and Xiaoli Guo, Larsen and McCrackin, Michelle and Meier, H. E. Markus and Oberbeckmann, Sonja and Parnell, Kevin and de Brauwer, Cristian Pons-Seres and Poska, Anneli and Saarinen, Jarkko and Szymczycha, Beata and Undeman, Emma and Worman, Anders and Zorita, Eduardo | ||||||
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Title: | Human impacts and their interactions in the Baltic Sea region | ||||||
Year of publishing : | 2022 | ||||||
Volume: | 13 | ||||||
Number: | 1 | ||||||
Page range: | 1-80 | ||||||
Number of Pages: | 80 | ||||||
Publisher: | COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH | ||||||
Language: | English | ||||||
Publication Type: | Article Review/Survey | ||||||
Article category: | Scientific peer reviewed | ||||||
Version: | Published version | ||||||
Copyright: | Creative Commons: Attribution 4.0 | ||||||
Full Text Status: | Public | ||||||
Subjects: | (A) Swedish standard research categories 2011 > 1 Natural sciences > 105 Earth and Related Environmental Sciences > Environmental Sciences (social aspects to be 507) (A) Swedish standard research categories 2011 > 1 Natural sciences > 105 Earth and Related Environmental Sciences > Climate Research | ||||||
URN:NBN: | urn:nbn:se:slu:epsilon-p-115795 | ||||||
Permanent URL: | http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:slu:epsilon-p-115795 | ||||||
Additional ID: |
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ID Code: | 27166 | ||||||
Faculty: | VH - Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science | ||||||
Department: | (VH) > Dept. of Animal Nutrition and Management | ||||||
Deposited By: | SLUpub Connector | ||||||
Deposited On: | 21 Feb 2022 15:13 | ||||||
Metadata Last Modified: | 21 Feb 2022 15:21 |
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